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Sorption–Desorption of Imazamox and 2,4-DB in Acidic Mediterranean Agricultural Soils and Herbicide Impact on Culturable Bacterial Populations and Functional Diversity

Authors :
Maria V. Pinna
Paola Castaldi
Matteo Garau
Angela Bianco
Chiara Multineddu
Alberto Cesarani
Maria Sitzia
Stefania Diquattro
Nicoletta P. Mangia
Giovanni Garau
Source :
Agriculture, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 1862 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the sorption–desorption behavior of imazamox (IMZ) and 2,4-DB (DB) in two typical acidic Mediterranean agricultural soils and the impact of these herbicides on culturable soil bacterial populations, enzyme activities and functional diversity when applied at concentrations higher than recommended doses (10×, 50×, 500×). Herbicide sorption was similar in both soils and IMZ was less retained compared to DB (~0.5 vs. 40 µg g−1 soil, respectively). IMZ desorption was remarkable (70–100%) while that of DB was more limited, i.e., ~40%. Three days after spiking (DAS), IMZ and DB significantly increased the number of soil-culturable heterotrophic bacteria, actinomycetes and Pseudomonas spp., soil respiration and the potential catabolic capacity of soil microbial communities. Soil dehydrogenase activity increased by ~56–70% in IMZ-treated soils while being reduced by ~33–41% in DB-treated ones. β-glucosidase activity showed a soil-dependent behavior, while the pattern of C source utilization suggested a change of soil microbial community structure after herbicide (especially DB) spiking. At 30 DAS, the herbicides’ impact on soil microorganisms, enzyme activity and functional diversity was still visible. Moreover, a toxic effect of DB (at 50× and 500×), but not IMZ, was recorded vs. Rhizobium sullae, the bacterial symbiont of Hedysarum coronarium. The obtained results indicated that IMZ and DB are poorly sorbed and highly desorbed by both soils. Moreover, at the tested concentrations, IMZ and DB can have short- and medium-term impacts on the microbial component and the related activity of the investigated soils, likely affecting a range of ecosystem services provided by soil microorganisms.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20770472
Volume :
12
Issue :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Agriculture
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.843758fd81f74e1aaba4b004edfb6b90
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111862