Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) Displays Prezygotic and Postzygotic Barriers to Prevent Autogamy in Monoecious Cultivars

Cultivated yam (D. rotundata) is a staple tuber crop in West Africa whose sexual reproduction control remains largely unknown despite its importance for plant breeding programs. In this paper, we compared self-pollination, intracultivar cross-pollination and intercultivar cross-pollination in three monoecious cultivars (Amoula, Heapala and Yassi). Results showed that pollen viability (49%) and stigma receptivity (40%) were similar in monoecious and dioecious plants, suggesting that autogamy could occur in monoecious plants. However, fruit and seed sets were significantly lower after self-pollination compared to cross-pollination. Overall, autogamy reached 11% and pollen lability was almost zero (D. rotundata even after cross-pollination as fruit and seed set did not exceed 18% and 13% respectively. Moreover, comparison between intracultivar cross-pollination and self-pollination revealed intravarietal genetic diversity inside the analyzed yam cultivars. Overall, our results showed that D. rotundata has a very low tolerance to autogamy in monoecious cultivars and has developed pre- and postzygotic mechanisms to limit selfing.