D-mannose promotes the degradation of IDH2 through upregulation of RNF185 and suppresses breast cancer

Abstract Background D-mannose, an epimer of glucose, which is abundant in some fruits, such as cranberry, has been previously reported to inhibit urinary tract infection. In recent years, the potential function of D-mannose has been broadened into the regulation of other inflammation diseases and cancer. It was reported that D-mannose can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while IDH2 is important for the generation of NADPH, the crucial reducing factor. These findings prompted us to determine whether D-mannose can regulate IDH2 and IDH2-mediated NADPH production in tumor. Methods The breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was cultured and treated with 100mM D-mannose. IDH2 expression was detected by Western Blot and qRT-PCR. RNA-seq was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes. BioGRID database was used to find the IDH2 interactors. Tumor cells were collected to measure the NADPH production using the NADP+/NADPH detection Kit. Colony formation assay and CCK-8 assay were conducted to evaluate the proliferation of cells. Results D-mannose can promote IDH2 protein degradation through ubiquitination-proteasome pathway. Mechanistically, D-mannose treatment upregulated the expression of an E3 ligase - RNF185, which can interact with IDH2 and promotes its proteasomal degradation. Consequently, IDH2-mediated NADPH production was inhibited by D-mannose, the proliferation of breast cancer cells was retarded, and the sensitivity to pro-oxidant of breast cancer cells was elevated. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that D-mannose can degrade IDH2 and inhibit the production of NADPH to suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells and render the breast cancer cells more sensitive to pro-oxidant treatment. Furthermore, we illustrated the E3 ligase RNF185 plays an important role in D-mannose-mediated proteasomal degradation of IDH2.