Research progress on the regulation of the pathogenesis of melanoma by miRNAs and its related drugs

Melanoma is a highly malignant and aggressive cancer originating from melanocytes. Early diagnosis and surgical resection can achieve a good prognosis in some patients. However, metastatic progression and drug resistance are still the two major problems in the treatment of melanoma. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenesis, new therapeutic drugs and the treatment methods. This article reviews the research progress of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of melanoma and related drugs. MiRNAs regulate the occurrence and development of melanoma mainly through MAPK, PI3K/AKT, MITF and P53 signaling pathways. Drugs targeting these pathways can achieve therapeutic benefit. MiRNAs can serve as cancer biomarkers for early detection, evaluations of prognosis and therapeutic effect. The identification and study of related miRNA-mediated signaling pathways are helpful to further elucidate the pathogenesis of melanoma and provide scientific basis for the research and development of targeted drugs.