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Metabolic, Mitochondrial, and Inflammatory Effects of Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Asymptomatic Antiretroviral-Naïve People with HIV

Authors :
Sergio Barroso
Mariona Guitart-Mampel
Francesc Josep García-García
Judith Cantó-Santos
Laura Valls-Roca
Félix Andújar-Sánchez
Adrià Vilaseca-Capel
Ester Tobías
Angela Arias-Dimas
Tania Quesada-López
Rafael Artuch
Francesc Villarroya
Marta Giralt
Esteban Martínez
Ester Lozano
Glòria Garrabou
Source :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 15, p 8418 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the metabolic, mitochondrial, and inflammatory effects of first-line efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF) single-tablet regimen (STR) relative to untreated asymptomatic HIV infection. To this end, we analyzed 29 people with HIV (PWH) treated for at least one year with this regimen vs. 33 antiretroviral-naïve PWH. Excellent therapeutic activity was accompanied by significant alterations in metabolic parameters. The treatment group showed increased plasmatic levels of glucose, total cholesterol and its fractions (LDL and HDL), triglycerides, and hepatic enzymes (GGT, ALP); conversely, bilirubin levels (total and indirect fraction) decreased in the treated cohort. Mitochondrial performance was preserved overall and treatment administration even promoted the recovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content depleted by the virus, although this was not accompanied by the recovery in some of their encoded proteins (since cytochrome c oxidase II was significantly decreased). Inflammatory profile (TNFα, IL-6), ameliorated after treatment in accordance with viral reduction and the recovery of TNFα levels correlated to mtDNA cell restoration. Thus, although this regimen causes subclinical metabolic alterations, its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties may be associated with partial improvement in mitochondrial function.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14220067 and 16616596
Volume :
25
Issue :
15
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.86b621cc948c9be25c1225e368177
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158418