Long-Term Follow-Up Study of COVID-19: Evaluation on Thin-Slice CT

Chun-Shuang Guan,1,* Zhi-Juan Liu,2,* Yan-Ni Du,1,* Hui Chen,1 Yan Bai,1 Zhi-Bin Lv,1 Yan-Li Xu,2 Ru-Ming Xie,1,* Bu-Dong Chen1,* 1Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Chronic Disease Management Centre, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ru-Ming Xie; Bu-Dong Chen, Tel +8613911320739 ; +8613801358954, Email mingrux1@163.com; chenbudong00@126.comPurpose: To retrospectively analyse the CT imaging during the long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients after discharge.Patients and Methods: A total of 122 patients entered the study group. All patients underwent CT examinations. The CT images, which included distribution and imaging signs, were evaluated by two chest radiologists. Laboratory examinations included routine blood work, biochemical testing, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening. Statistical methods include chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, one-way analysis of variance, rank sum test and logistic regression by SPSS 17.0.Results: There were 22 (18.0%) patients in the mild group, 74 (60.7%) patients in the moderate group, and 26 (21.3%) patients in the severe–critical group. The median follow-up interval was 405 days (378.0 days, 462.8 days). Only monocytes, prothrombin activity, and γ-glutamyltransferase showed significant differences among the three groups. We found that the more severe the patient’s condition, the more SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies existed. Only 11 patients (11.0%) showed residual lesions on CT. The CT manifestations included irregular linear opacities in nine cases (9.0%), reticular patterns in six cases (6.0%), and GGOs in five cases (5.0%).Conclusion: The proportion of residual lesions on CT in COVID-19 patients was significantly reduced after long-term follow-up. The patients’ age and disease conditions were positively correlated with residual lesions.Keywords: COVID-19, follow-up studies, tomography, X-ray computed, lung