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Improvement of Laser-Induced Damage on High-Efficiency Solar Cells via Top-Hat Beam Ablation
- Source :
- Energies, Vol 17, Iss 4, p 858 (2024)
- Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2024.
-
Abstract
- An important challenge in industrial laser ablation is laser-induced damage. In this study, reduced damage was achieved through the transition of the laser distribution from a Gaussian beam to a top-hat beam using diffractive optical elements (DOE), which overcome inhomogeneous irradiation. The higher peak fluence of a Gaussian beam far exceeded the ablation threshold and led to severely melted silicon at a higher depth covering the polished texture. The top-hat beam, with uniform irradiation, had a superior ablation characteristic and created a uniform square opening with the shallow melted silicon in the lift-off process. Thus, its effective minor carrier lifetime was 15.35% less at an ablated area fraction of 2% after re-passivation because of the decreased damage. After optimizing the ablation pattern with a top-hat beam, the local contacts improved the average open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) values of the cells due to the decreased damage and the uniform openings, but the damage induced by a Gaussian beam was too deep and can be partly restored under back surface field (BSF) formation. The overall increment in Isc and Voc enhanced the average efficiency by 0.05% of the absolute value for the PERC cells and 0.03% of the absolute value for bi-facial PERC cells.
- Subjects :
- PERC solar cell
top-hat laser beam
laser ablation
reduced damage
Technology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19961073
- Volume :
- 17
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Energies
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.8b3cfb9a0a314a5399302e5e4bbbe78f
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040858