The spatial and temporal characteristics of urban public safety under the residents' complaints: Evidence from 12345 data in Beijing, China

Accurately revealing the temporal and spatial laws of urban public safety incidents can provide a scientific basis for the construction of urban public safety. Telephone complaints are an important way for residents to perceive urban public safety based on objective reality. This paper uses the 12,345 citizen complaint hotline data in Beijing to explore the temporal and spatial distribution patterns and aggregation characteristics of urban public safety within a day by Emerging HotSpot Analysis. And analyzes the safety space classification based on the characteristic patterns. The results show that: ①The curve of complaints about urban public safety incidents in Beijing is obvious “double peaks” characteristics within one day, at 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. respectively; ②The occurrence of urban public safety incidents occurs from scratch, from small to large, from large to small, and gradually disappearing within one day; ③The complaints of urban public safety show significant aggregation characteristics in each time period, and the degree of aggregation changes with time; ④ The main manifestations are scattered hot spots and oscillating hot spots. The research conclusions are expected to provide new ideas for urban public safety research and enrich social perception research based on complaint data.