Causal associations of hand grip strength with bone mineral density and fracture risk: A mendelian randomization study

BackgroundMuscle strength has been shown to exert positive effects on bone health. The causal relationship between hand grip strength and osteoporosis is an important public health issue but is not fully revealed. The goal of this study was to investigate whether and to what extent hand grip strength affects bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk.MethodsWe conducted a state-of-the-art two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Genomewide significant (P