Neurological complications risk factors in end ⁃ stage heart failure patients after left ventricular assist devices implantation

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) implantation is an effective treatment for end ⁃ stage heart failure in addition to heart transplantation. Neurological complications, especially ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, are the most common complications in patients after LVAD. This paper reviews the common neurological complications and its risk factors in patients after LVAD, and proposes early prevention and management strategies to provide guidance for the perioperative and long ⁃ term management of LVAD implantation in end⁃stage heart failure.