Safety and efficacy of renal sympathetic denervation: a 9-year long-term follow-up of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements

BackgroundRenal sympathetic denervation (RDN) has been shown to lower arterial blood pressure both in the presence and in the absence of antihypertensive medication in an observation period of up to 3 years. However, long-term results beyond 3 years are scarcely reported.MethodsWe performed a long-term follow-up on patients who were previously enrolled in a local renal denervation registry and who underwent radiofrequency RDN with the Symplicity Flex® renal denervation system between 2011 and 2014. The patients were assessed to evaluate their renal function by performing 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM), recording their medical history, and conducting laboratory tests.ResultsAmbulatory blood pressure readings for 24 h were available for 72 patients at long-term follow-up (FU) [9.3 years (IQR: 8.5–10.1)]. We found a significant reduction of ABP from 150.1/86.1 ± 16.9/12.0 mmHg at baseline to 138.3/77.1 ± 16.5/11.1 mmHg at long-term FU (P 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, while a non-significant decrease was observed in patients with an initial eGFR