Glioma subtype prediction based on radiomics of tumor and peritumoral edema under automatic segmentation

Abstract Comprehensive and non-invasive preoperative molecular diagnosis is important for prognostic and therapy decision-making in adult-type diffuse gliomas. We employed a deep learning method for automatic segmentation of brain gliomas directly from conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the tumor core and peritumoral edema regions based on available glioma MRI data provided in the BraTS2021. Three-dimensional volumes of interest were segmented from 424 cases of glioma imaging data retrospectively obtained from two medical centers using the segmentation method and radiomic features were extracted. We developed a subtype prediction model based on extracted radiomic features and analyzed significance and correlations between glioma morphological characteristics and pathological features using data from patients with adult-type diffuse glioma. The automated segmentation achieved mean Dice scores of 0.884 and 0.889 for the tumor core and whole tumor, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction of adult-type diffuse gliomas subtypes was 0.945. “Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype”, “Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant”, and “Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p/19q-coded” showed AUCs of 0.96, 0.914, and 0.961, respectively, for subtype prediction. Glioma morphological characteristics, molecular and pathological levels, and clinical data showed significant differences and correlations. An automatic segmentation model for gliomas based on 3D U-Nets was developed, and the prediction model for gliomas built using the parameters obtained from the automatic segmentation model showed high overall performance.