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Investigation of synergetic, kinetics, thermodynamics, and batch studies of polypropylene-bakelite co-pyrolysis
- Source :
- Results in Engineering, Vol 21, Iss , Pp 101720- (2024)
- Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2024.
-
Abstract
- This study explores the co-pyrolysis recycling of the Polypropylene-Bakelite blend to improve the kinetics, thermodynamics, and conversion of thermal degradation of bakelite into useful products. The thermogravimetry analysis of the blend was conducted from ambient to 1000 °C at various heating rates in an N2 atmosphere. Thermogravimetric-Differential thermogravimetry curves revealed four steps of pyrolytic degradation, including two major weight loss steps (220–420 °C and 420–550 °C). The blending of polypropylene with Bakelite caused a shift in the pyrolytic degradation temperature zone and a synergetic effect. The pyrolytic degradation of the blended sample followed the F3 order-based mechanism with an average activation energy of 151 kJ/mol at 220–420 °C and the P3/2 nucleation mechanism with an average activation energy of 306 kJ/mol at 420–550 °C. The blend produced 47.66 % oil, 11.1 % wax, 15.1 % residue, and 26.14 % non-condensable gas during batch pyrolysis at 450 °C. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses revealed that the oil contained 18.86 % saturated hydrocarbons (C8-54), 20.33 % unsaturated hydrocarbons (C7-19), and 60.81 % oxygenated compounds (C9-41) that could be used as transportation fuel.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 25901230
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 101720-
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Results in Engineering
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.8f885ae973544d13983b73153f3a36e2
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101720