高酸值废弃油脂脱酸系统设计与应用

为解决高酸值废弃油脂脱酸效果不佳的问题，根据生物柴油转酯化反应对原料油的要求，开发了废弃油脂深度脱胶—脱色—双塔串联脱酸工艺。利用化工模拟软件对废弃油脂脱酸系统进行了模拟，建立了脱酸系统流程模拟模块，输出了日处理900 t废弃油脂的脱酸塔和脂肪酸捕集塔的物料平衡表。对脱酸塔和脂肪酸捕集塔的塔直径、填料高度和填料类型进行选型，并进行了水力学校核，将其气相动能因子和运行负荷率控制在合理范围内。将所开发的废弃油脂深度脱胶—脱色—双塔串联脱酸工艺应用于实际大型生产线，长时间运行表明，该工艺可以将废弃油脂含磷量和脂肪酸含量分别降至3 mg/kg和0.3%以下。采用深度脱胶—脱色—双塔串联脱酸工艺处理高酸值废弃油脂，脱酸效果好，处理后的废弃油脂可作为优质的生物柴油原料。 In order to solve the problem of poor deacidification effect of high acid value waste oil, according to the feed requirement of biodiesel transesterfication reaction line, deep degumming-bleaching-two column deacidification in series process for waste oil treatment was developed. Modelling the deacidification system by chemical simulation software, the process simulation module of deacidification system was established and the material balance sheets of waste oil deacidification column and fatty acid scrubbing column for the 900 t/d line were output. In addition, the column diameter, packing height and packing type were carefully sized and rated to control the reasonable gas kinetic energy factor and load rate of the columns. Ultimately, this new developed process was successfully applied on the large production line, after long time running, the phosphorus content and fatty acid content of deacidified oil could be steadily lowered to less than 3 mg/kg and 0.3%, respectively. The deep degumming-bleaching-two column deacidification in series process is used to treat the high acid value waste oil, and the deacidification effect is good. The treated waste oil can be used as the high-quality biodiesel feedstock.