Effects of Radix Linderae extracts on a mouse model of diabetic bladder dysfunction in later decompensated phase

Abstract Background This study aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of Radix Linderae (RL) extracts on a mouse model of diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD), especially on later decompensated phase. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) after 4 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. DBD mouse models (later decompensated phase) were developed by 12-weeks persistent hyperglycemia and then treated with RL extracts for 4 weeks. During administration, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) test was performed once a week. Four weeks later, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), voided stain on paper (VSOP), and urodynamic alteration were explored. We also performed haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining to observe the histology of the bladder. Then, the contractile responses to α, β-methylene ATP, capsaicin (CAP), KCl and carbachol were measured. Moreover, qPCR assay was performed to analyse the bladder gene expression levels of M3 receptors and TRPV1. Results The diabetic mice exhibited higher FBG, OGTT and urine production, and no substantial alteration was observed after RL treatment. Urodynamic test showed the maximum bladder capacity (MBC), residual volume (RV) and bladder compliance (BC), as well as the decrement of voided efficiency (VE) and micturition volume (MV), remarkably increased in the DBD mice. Furthermore, RL treatment significant improved urodynamic urination, with lower MBC, RV, and, BC, as well as higher VE and MV, as compared with the model groups. The wall thickness of the bladder and the ratio of smooth muscle/collagen remarkably increased, and RL could effectively attenuate the pathological change. The response of bladder strips to the stimulus was also reduced in the DBD mice, and RL treatment markedly increased the contraction. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of M3 receptors and TRPV1 were down-regulated in the bladders of the diabetic mice, whereas RL treatment retrieved those gene expression levels. Conclusions RL extracts can improve the bladder voiding functions of the DBD model mice in later decompensated phase, and underlying mechanisms was associated with mediating the gene expression of M3 receptors and TRPV1 in the bladder instead of improving blood sugar levels.