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Associations Between Serum Fatty Acids and Immunological Markers in Children Developing Islet Autoimmunity—The TRIGR Nested Case–Control Study

Authors :
Sari Niinistö
Maija E. Miettinen
David Cuthbertson
Jarno Honkanen
Leena Hakola
Reija Autio
Iris Erlund
Petra Arohonka
Arja Vuorela
Taina Härkönen
Heikki Hyöty
Jeffrey P. Krischer
Outi Vaarala
Mikael Knip
Suvi M. Virtanen
TRIGR Investigators
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 13 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022.

Abstract

AimsAltered immune functions as well as fatty acid intake and status have been associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. We aimed to study the relationship between fatty acids and immunological markers in young children with increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes in order to define putative mechanisms related to development of islet autoimmunity.MethodsSerum samples for fatty acid and immunological marker measurements were obtained in the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) ancillary study (Divia) from children born between 2002 and 2007 in 15 countries. Case children (n = 95) were defined as having repeated positivity for at least two out of four diabetes-associated autoantibodies. For each case child, control children were selected matched for country and date of birth (n = 173). Serum fatty acids and immunological markers were measured from cord serum and at the age of 6 and 12 months. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between fatty acids and immunological markers.ResultsCorrelations between circulating fatty acids and immunological markers were different in case children who developed islet autoimmunity than in control children already at birth continuing across the first year of life. In case children, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) showed stronger correlations with immunological markers, while in controls, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed stronger correlations.ConclusionsIn cases, SFAs were associated with several immunological markers (CXCL10, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17, and CM-CSF) previously linked to the type 1 diabetes disease process. Findings indicate that fatty acids could have immunomodulatory potential in the early phase of the disease development, although causality between fatty acids and the immunological pathways remains to be explored.Trial registry numberNCT00179777

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
13
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.91b097895dea4456b170a4fd81f6fde5
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.858875