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Systems biology approaches to investigate the role of granulomas in TB-HIV coinfection

Authors :
Alexis Hoerter
Eusondia Arnett
Larry S. Schlesinger
Elsje Pienaar
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 13 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022.

Abstract

The risk of active tuberculosis disease is 15-21 times higher in those coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) compared to tuberculosis alone, and tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in HIV+ individuals. Mechanisms driving synergy between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV during coinfection include: disruption of cytokine balances, impairment of innate and adaptive immune cell functionality, and Mtb-induced increase in HIV viral loads. Tuberculosis granulomas are the interface of host-pathogen interactions. Thus, granuloma-based research elucidating the role and relative impact of coinfection mechanisms within Mtb granulomas could inform cohesive treatments that target both pathogens simultaneously. We review known interactions between Mtb and HIV, and discuss how the structure, function and development of the granuloma microenvironment create a positive feedback loop favoring pathogen expansion and interaction. We also identify key outstanding questions and highlight how coupling computational modeling with in vitro and in vivo efforts could accelerate Mtb-HIV coinfection discoveries.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
13
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.91f0d61f6b0643eda98e796045ae7fca
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014515