Features of Chemical-Element Abundances in Open Star Clusters of the Galaxy

On the basis of the authors’ compiled catalog containing spectroscopic abundances of 14 chemical elements for 90 open star clusters of the Galaxy, we show that in the young clusters not only barium but also three other studied elements of slow neutron-capture, Y, La, and Ce, reveal higher relative abundances than those in the field stars, with differences beyond the error limits. We also find that, at high metallicity ([Fe/H]> −0.1), the relative abundances of the r-process element Eu in the clusters with eccentric, high Zmax orbits are lower, and the relative abundances of primary α-elements O and Mg are higher, than the average values for the field giants. At the same time, at lower metallicity, the [Eu/Fe] ratios in the clusters are, on average, the same as in the field, but with a much larger dispersion, and the [O, Mg/Fe] ratios are lower than in the field giants. Taking into account that both α-elements and r-elements are ejected into the interstellar medium as a result of Type II supernova explosions, and that their yields are dependent on the pre-supernova mass, these properties naturally fit into the assumption that the clusters of different metallicity with eccentric, high Zmax orbits are formed by interaction of two types of high-velocity clouds with the interstellar medium of the Galactic disk. On the one hand, these are low-metallicity high-velocity clouds formed from the “primary” gas; on the other hand, there are more metal-rich intermediate-velocity clouds generated in the Galactic “fountain” process.