Dataset of the rumen microbiota and epithelial transcriptomics and proteomics in goat affected by solid diets

Abstract Although early solid diet supplementation is a common practice to improve the growth and development in goat kids, its biological mechanism how solid diet induces rumen microbiota and epithelial development is still unknow. In this study, rumen fermentation parameters, 16S rRNA sequencing for rumen content and epithelial microbiota, transcriptomics and proteomics of epithelium were determined to classify the effects of solid diet supplementation. Here, we classified the changes of goat phenotypes (i.e., growth performance, rumen fermentation and development) and linked them to the changes of rumen microbiota, transcriptome and expressed proteins. The mechanism of solid diet improving rumen development was elucidated preliminarily. Moreover, different roles between the rumen content and epithelial microbiota were identified. Thess datasets expands our understanding of the association between the early diet intervention and rumen development, providing the useful information how nutrient strategy affects rumen function and subsequently improves the host growth. The generated data provides insights in the importance of rumen niche microbiota and microbe-host interactions, which benefits future studies.