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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated Mitochondria

Authors :
Antonella Aresta
Nicoletta De Vietro
Pietro Cotugno
Ciro Leonardo Pierri
Lucia Trisolini
Carlo Zambonin
Source :
Antioxidants, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 307 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract bioactive compounds from apple (Malus domestica) peel waste from three different Italian cultivars. The bioactive fractions were extracted applying a temperature of 60 °C and a pressure of 250 bar for 15 min with 20% ethanol as co-solvent, at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The total polyphenol (TP), anthocyanin (TA), ascorbic acid (AA), and antioxidant activity contents (TACs) were measured, while chromatographic analyses were performed to highlight the differences between the extracts. The Stark cultivar had the highest levels of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid, while the Royal Gala cultivar showed the highest total antioxidant activity. SFE extracts were then tested for their effect on the mitochondrial NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) activity on mitochondria isolated from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK239). The Stark extract showed the most positive response in terms of NADH oxidation. The results obtained in this work highlight the potential of apple peel waste as a source of functional phytocompounds and suggest that Stark cultivar extracts may be exploited for pharmacological applications. This study supports the circular bioeconomy by promoting the use of waste products as a valuable resource.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20763921
Volume :
13
Issue :
3
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Antioxidants
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.95340c0d5a1b42aeb1aa59556cd334af
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030307