Forester interest in, and limitations to, adapting to climate change across the rural-to-urban gradient

Climate change-related challenges faced by forest managers are ecological, economic, and social in nature. While several past assessments have looked at the climate-related perceptions and needs of foresters working in rural contexts, urban foresters are not often included in these assessments. Examining foresters’ risk perceptions, adaptation interests and intentions, and need for information/support in rural and urban contexts side-by-side reveals unique opportunities for learning across the rural-to-urban gradient. Through two surveys targeting both rural and urban foresters, we have identified key learning opportunities that support climate-adaptive forest management.Our analysis shows that many foresters are seeking to maintain current forest conditions or restore forest conditions following a disruption or change, though some see value in transitioning forests to be more resistant and resilient to future climates. We also show a difference in confidence between urban and rural foresters when it comes to addressing climate change through specific adaptation strategies. Based on our findings, we propose facilitated learning opportunities across the rural-to-urban gradient. This would allow urban foresters to learn from rural foresters on topics such as establishment and maintenance of long-term, large, ecologically complex forested areas within cities. Rural foresters could gain insights from their urban counterparts on planting strategies and other approaches that are common in urban settings but novel in rural settings, including stock sourcing and species selection.To better enable foresters to implement climate adaptation strategies, we suggest: (1) facilitating learning across the rural-to-urban gradient, (2) public engagement trainings and opportunities targeting foresters, (3) workforce development programing, and (4) programs that limit the financial risk that foresters, landowners, and municipalities face when applying forest adaptation strategies to rural or urban lands.