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Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans within cross-kingdom biofilms support Candida albicans growth under fluoride and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine
- Source :
- Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 15 (2024)
- Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media S.A., 2024.
-
Abstract
- Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) might affect the ecological balance of biofilms in the presence of fluoride. We used a S. mutans and Candida albicans (C. albicans) cross-kingdom biofilm model to investigate whether fluoride-resistant S. mutans in biofilms would support C. albicans growth under fluoride stress and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine. The impact of fluoride-resistant S. mutans on formation of cross-kingdom biofilms by S. mutans and C. albicans in the presence of fluoride was investigated in vitro using the crystal violet staining assay. Biofilm constitution was determined using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) generation in biofilms was determined by EPS/bacterial dying and water-insoluble polysaccharide detection. Acid production and demineralization were monitored using pH, lactic acid content, and transversal microradiography (TMR). The gene expression of microorganisms in the cross-kingdom biofilm was measured using qRT-PCR. Our results showed that both C. albicans and fluoride-resistant S. mutans grew vigorously, forming robust cross-kingdom biofilms, even in the presence of sodium fluoride (NaF). Moreover, fluoride-resistant S. mutans-containing cross-kingdom biofilms had considerable cariogenic potential for EPS synthesis, acid production, and demineralization ability in the presence of NaF than fluoride-sensitive S. mutans-containing biofilms. Furthermore, the gene expression of microorganisms in the two cross-kingdom biofilms changed dissimilarly in the presence of NaF. In summary, fluoride-resistant S. mutans in cross-kingdom biofilms supported C. albicans growth under fluoride and might attenuate the anti-caries potential of fluorine by maintaining robust cross-kingdom biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence expression in vitro in the presence of NaF.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664302X
- Volume :
- 15
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.9c24aa0657d34ef8abc8f1faa47a9932
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399525