Evaluation of topical methylene blue nanoemulsion for wound healing in diabetic mice

AbstractContext Diabetic wounds (DW) are a complication of diabetes and slow wound healing is the main manifestation. Methylene blue (MB) has been shown to exhibit therapeutic effects on diabetes-related diseases.Objective To investigate the mechanisms of action of MB-nanoemulsion (NE) in the treatment of DW.Materials and methods The concentration of MB-NE used in the in vivo and in vitro experiments was 0.1 mg/mL. Streptozocin-induced diabetic mice were used as models. The mice were separated into nondiabetic, diabetic, MB-NE treated, and NE-treated groups. Intervention of high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells using MB-NE. The mechanism by which MB-NE promotes DW healing is investigated by combining histological analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, TUNEL and ROS assays and western blotting.Results In diabetic mice, the MB-NE accelerated DW healing (p