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Multipartite entanglement of the topologically ordered state in a perturbed toric code
- Source :
- Physical Review Research, Vol 4, Iss 2, p 023144 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- American Physical Society, 2022.
-
Abstract
- We demonstrate that multipartite entanglement, witnessed by the quantum Fisher information, can characterize topological quantum phase transitions in the spin-1/2 toric code model (TCM) on a square lattice with external fields. We show that the quantum Fisher information density of the ground state can be written in terms of the expectation values of gauge-invariant Wilson loops for different sizes of square regions and identify Z_{2} topological order by its scaling behavior. Furthermore, we use this multipartite entanglement witness to investigate thermalization and disorder-assisted stabilization of topological order after a quantum quench. Moreover, with an upper bound of the quantum Fisher information, we demonstrate the absence of finite-temperature topological order in the two-dimensional TCM in the thermodynamic limit. Our results provide insights to topological phases, which are robust against external disturbances and are candidates for topologically protected quantum computation.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 26431564
- Volume :
- 4
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Physical Review Research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.9e7b0d63dc914d4baa3951859ad59d17
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023144