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Distribution of Flavan-3-ol Species in Ripe Strawberry Fruit Revealed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Authors :
Hirofumi Enomoto
Senji Takahashi
Shiro Takeda
Hajime Hatta
Source :
Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 1, p 103 (2019)
Publication Year :
2019
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2019.

Abstract

Flavan-3-ols, which comprise proanthocyanidins and their monomers, are major flavonoids in strawberries, and they have a wide range of biological activities and health benefits. However, their spatial distribution in strawberry fruit remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), to visualize flavan-3-ols in ripe strawberry fruit. Peaks matching the m/z values of flavan-3-ols [M − H]− ions were detected in the negative ion mode using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene as matrix. Catechin and/or epicatechin, three B-type procyanidins, and two B-type propelargonidins were identified by MALDI-tandem MS. These flavan-3-ols were mainly distributed in the calyx, in and around the vascular bundles, and in the skin. In-source fragmentation of proanthocyanidins was determined using their standards, suggesting their distribution was mixed ion images of themselves, and fragment ions generated from those had a higher degree of polymerization. B-type procyanidins were predominantly distributed in the vascular bundles than in the skin, whereas B-type propelargonidins were almost equally distributed between the vascular bundles and skin, suggesting that their distribution patterns are different from the type of their flavan-3-ol monomers. Flavan-3-ols, especially B-type procyanidins, may help prevent pathogen infection not only in the skin but also in and around the vascular bundles.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14203049
Volume :
25
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Molecules
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.9e81bc6d921d4d209a6891321db7a445
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010103