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Distribution of Flavan-3-ol Species in Ripe Strawberry Fruit Revealed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- Source :
- Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 1, p 103 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Flavan-3-ols, which comprise proanthocyanidins and their monomers, are major flavonoids in strawberries, and they have a wide range of biological activities and health benefits. However, their spatial distribution in strawberry fruit remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), to visualize flavan-3-ols in ripe strawberry fruit. Peaks matching the m/z values of flavan-3-ols [M − H]− ions were detected in the negative ion mode using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene as matrix. Catechin and/or epicatechin, three B-type procyanidins, and two B-type propelargonidins were identified by MALDI-tandem MS. These flavan-3-ols were mainly distributed in the calyx, in and around the vascular bundles, and in the skin. In-source fragmentation of proanthocyanidins was determined using their standards, suggesting their distribution was mixed ion images of themselves, and fragment ions generated from those had a higher degree of polymerization. B-type procyanidins were predominantly distributed in the vascular bundles than in the skin, whereas B-type propelargonidins were almost equally distributed between the vascular bundles and skin, suggesting that their distribution patterns are different from the type of their flavan-3-ol monomers. Flavan-3-ols, especially B-type procyanidins, may help prevent pathogen infection not only in the skin but also in and around the vascular bundles.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14203049
- Volume :
- 25
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Molecules
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.9e81bc6d921d4d209a6891321db7a445
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010103