Gelatin-Based Metamaterial Hydrogel Films with High Conformality for Ultra-Soft Tissue Monitoring

Highlights Novel customized metamaterial gelatin-based conductive film (GCF) was developed to ensure good biocompatibility and biodegradability for implantable bioelectronics integrating monitoring with tissue repair. The metamaterial property demonstrated high conformal with soft tissues to promote the signal-to-noise ratio. The GCF revealed elastic modulus regulated from 20 to 420 kPa and Poisson's ratio from − 0.25 to 0.52. It was fabricated by embedding different 3D printing ultrafine fiber networks with metamaterial design into ultra-low modulus Gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel.