Successful Elective Thoracoscopic Resection of Complicate Extralobar Bronchopulmonary Sequestration after Intrafoetal Vascular Laser Ablation: The Paediatric Surgeon’s Point of View

Few reports of laser coagulation for foetal bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), a rare congenital malformation characterised by the absence of tracheobronchial connection and the presence of a systemic feeding artery, have been published. Additionally, very few of them focus also on the postnatal management, with results limited and controversial. Postnatal treatment of residual malformation remains debated, hence the need to share our experience of a combined pre- and postnatal approach to complicated extra-lobar BPS. We report the case of a female foetus with the diagnosis of a pulmonary lesion. Due to mediastinal shift, unilateral compressive hydrothorax, ascites, and hydrops, a foetal treatment with ultrasound-guided laser coagulation of the anomalous vessel was performed. At birth, due to the persistence of the malformation, an elective delayed thoracoscopical surgery was performed. Prenatal laser ablation for complicated BPS is a life-saving procedure not always resulting in lesion disappearance. Thoracoscopical surgical exploration in case of persistent lesions at birth offers the possibility of a minimally invasive sequestrectomy feasible and safe.