Emissions of C9 – C16 hydrocarbons from kelp species on Vancouver Island: Alaria marginata (winged kelp) and Nereocystis luetkeana (bull kelp) as an atmospheric source of limonene

In this paper, measurements of C9 – C16 biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the headspaces above near-shore marine vegetation samples of Fucus gardneri (rock weed), Ulva spp. (sea lettuce), Callophyllis spp. (red sea fans), Alaria marginata (winged kelp), and Nereocystis luetkeana (bull kelp) collected on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, are presented. Numerous BVOCs were observed in the headspace samples, including n-alkanes (e.g., n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane and n-pentadecane) and oxygenated hydrocarbons (e.g., octanal, nonanal, geranyl acetone, and 6-methyl-hepten-2-one), though the majority of VOCs emitted was not identified. The emissions from Ulva spp., Callophyllis spp. and F. gardneri samples contained a similar assortment of n-alkanes and oxygenated BVOCs (e.g., n-aldehydes) as observed at Mace Head, Ireland, whereas the headspaces above N. luetkeana and A. marginata contained monoterpenes, foremost limonene, and toluene. Further studies are needed to constrain emissions of BVOCs from near-coastal vegetation as they have the potential to substantially impact coastal O3 budgets and the organic content of marine derived aerosol. Keywords: BVOC emissions, Kelp, Seaweed, Monoterpenes, Limonene, Hydrocarbons