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In Vitro Efficacy of Antivenom and Varespladib in Neutralising Chinese Russell’s Viper (Daboia siamensis) Venom Toxicity

Authors :
Mimi Lay
Qing Liang
Geoffrey K. Isbister
Wayne C. Hodgson
Source :
Toxins, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 62 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2023.

Abstract

The venom of the Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) contains neurotoxic and myotoxic phospholipase A2 toxins which can cause irreversible damage to motor nerve terminals. Due to the time delay between envenoming and antivenom administration, antivenoms may have limited efficacy against some of these venom components. Hence, there is a need for adjunct treatments to circumvent these limitations. In this study, we examined the efficacy of Chinese D. siamensis antivenom alone, and in combination with a PLA2 inhibitor, Varespladib, in reversing the in vitro neuromuscular blockade in the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. Pre-synaptic neurotoxicity and myotoxicity were not reversed by the addition of Chinese D. siamensis antivenom 30 or 60 min after venom (10 µg/mL). The prior addition of Varespladib prevented the neurotoxic and myotoxic activity of venom (10 µg/mL) and was also able to prevent further reductions in neuromuscular block and muscle twitches when added 60 min after venom. The addition of the combination of Varespladib and antivenom 60 min after venom failed to produce further improvements than Varespladib alone. This demonstrates that the window of time in which antivenom remains effective is relatively short compared to Varespladib and small-molecule inhibitors may be effective in abrogating some activities of Chinese D. siamensis venom.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726651
Volume :
15
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Toxins
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.b25f6cc4d8ae48f19ebee80ce8cb79d8
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010062