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Recent Advances in the Development of Mincle-Targeting Vaccine Adjuvants

Authors :
Anya F. Weth
Emma M. Dangerfield
Mattie S. M. Timmer
Bridget L. Stocker
Source :
Vaccines, Vol 12, Iss 12, p 1320 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR), which has shown much promise as a molecular target for the development of TH1/TH17-skewing vaccine adjuvants. In 2009, the first non-proteinaceous Mincle ligands, trehalose dimycolate (TDM) and trehalose dibehenate (TDB), were identified. This prompted a search for other Mincle agonists and the exploration of Mincle agonists as vaccine adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic (anti-cancer) vaccines. In this review, we discuss those classes of Mincle agonists that have been explored for their adjuvant potential. These Mincle agonists have been used as stand-alone adjuvants or in combination with other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or immunomodulatory agents. We will also highlight recently identified Mincle ligands with hitherto unknown adjuvanticity. Conjugate vaccines that contain covalently linked adjuvants and/or adjuvant–antigen combinations are also presented, as well as the different formulations (e.g., oil-in-water emulsions, liposomes, and particulate delivery systems) that have been used for the codelivery of antigens and adjuvants. Insofar the reader is presented with a thorough review of the potential of Mincle-mediated vaccine adjuvants, including historical context, present-day research and clinical trials, and outstanding research questions, such as the role of ligand presentation and Mincle clustering, which, if better understood, will aid in the development of the much-needed TH1/TH17-skewing vaccine adjuvants.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
12121320 and 2076393X
Volume :
12
Issue :
12
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Vaccines
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.b39c9ea5223423783ffca76d01f4009
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121320