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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers and the risk of COVID-19 infection or severe disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors :
Daniel Caldeira
Mariana Alves
Ryan Gouveia e Melo
Pedro Silvério António
Nélson Cunha
Afonso Nunes-Ferreira
Luisa Prada
João Costa
Fausto J Pinto
Source :
International Journal of Cardiology: Heart & Vasculature, Vol 31, Iss , Pp 100627- (2020)
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
Elsevier, 2020.

Abstract

Objective: Animal studies suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) facilitate the inoculation of potentially leading to a higher risk of infection and/or disease severity. We aimed to systematically evaluate the risk of COVID-19 infection and the risk of severe COVID-19 disease associated with previous exposure to (ACEi) and/or ARB). Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection were searched in June 2020 for controlled studies. Eligible studies were included and random-effects meta-analyses were performed. The estimates were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 test. The confidence in the pooled evidence was appraised using the GRADE framework. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included in the review. ACEi/ARB exposure did not increase the risk of having a positive test for COVID-19 infection (OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.89–1.11; I2 = 36%; 5 studies, GRADE confidence moderate). The exposure to ACEi/ARB did not increase the risk of all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19 (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.74–1.11; I2 = 20%; 17 studies; GRADE confidence low) nor severe/critical COVID-19 disease (OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.74–1.11; I2 = 55%; 17 studies; GRADE confidence very low). Exploratory analyses in studies enrolling hypertensive patients showed a association of ACEi/ARB with a significant decrease of mortality risk. Conclusions: ACEi/ARB exposure does not seem to increase the risk of having the SARS-CoV-2 infection or developing severe stages of the disease including mortality. The potential benefits observed in mortality of hypertensive patients reassure safety, but robust studies are required to increase the confidence in the results.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
23529067
Volume :
31
Issue :
100627-
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
International Journal of Cardiology: Heart & Vasculature
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.b3d49cce76848419f081cb45f09a85f
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100627