Observation of inter-layer charge transmission resonance at optically excited graphene–TMDC interfaces

The transfer of charge carriers across the optically excited hetero-interface of graphene and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is the key to convert light to electricity, although the intermediate steps from the creation of excitons in TMDC to the collection of free carriers in the graphene layer are not fully understood. Here, we investigate photo-induced charge transport across graphene–MoS2 and graphene–WSe2 hetero-interfaces using time-dependent photoresistance relaxation with varying temperature, wavelength, and gate voltage. In both types of heterostructures, we observe an unprecedented resonance in the inter-layer charge transfer rate as the Fermi energy (EF) of the graphene layer is tuned externally with a global back gate. We attribute this to a resonant quantum tunneling from the excitonic state of the TMDC to EF of the graphene layer and outline a new method to estimate the excitonic binding energies (Eb) in the TMDCs, which are found to be 400 meV and 460 meV in MoS2 and WSe2 layers, respectively. The gate tunability of the inter-layer charge transfer timescales may allow precise engineering and readout of the optically excited electronic states at graphene–TMDC interfaces.