European Charter of Local Self-Government and its Implementation in Azerbaijan: Assessing Legal Compliance and Institutional Adaptation

The European Charter of Local Self-Government (ECLSG) is a cornerstone for local governance, emphasising principles such as autonomy, financial independence, and democratic processes. This article assessed the implementation of the ECLSG in Azerbaijan, focusing on legal compliance and institutional adaptation. This study aimed to assess Azerbaijan's level of compliance with the principles established in the ECLSG and to evaluate the extent to which its institutions have been modified to align with the charter's benchmarks. A qualitative research methodology relying on document analysis, legal reviews, and expert interviews was employed in the study. The analysis included a review of pertinent legal documents, reports, and scholarly articles to evaluate the degree of legal adherence and institutional flexibility in Azerbaijan. The findings indicated Azerbaijan has shown advancements in implementing the ECLSG, especially in decentralisation and forming local self-governing entities. However, there are still obstacles to guaranteeing complete legal adherence, including issues related to the autonomy of local governments, boundary protection, and financial resources. The European Charter of Local Self-Government is vital in promoting local democracy and self-government in Europe. It emphasises the autonomy of local authorities and democratic processes at the local level. In Azerbaijan, implementing the ECLSG has led to significant institutional changes, including establishing municipal councils and executive bodies. However, challenges remain, such as limited autonomy, inadequate funding, and shortcomings in the electoral process. Addressing these challenges is crucial for Azerbaijan to comply with the charter and improve local governance fully. The findings suggest that while Azerbaijan has taken steps to align its legal framework with the ECLSG, further reforms are needed to enhance local self-government. Addressing challenges such as central government interference, boundary adjustments, and budget limitations will be essential in achieving complete adherence to the charter and strengthening local governance in Azerbaijan.