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Environmental and Metabolic Risk Factors Linked to Gallbladder Dysplasia

Authors :
Andrei Bojan
Catalin Pricop
Manuela Ciocoiu
Maria Cristina Vladeanu
Iris Bararu Bojan
Oana Viola Badulescu
Minerva Codruta Badescu
Carmen Elena Plesoianu
Dan Iliescu Halitchi
Liliana Georgeta Foia
Source :
Metabolites, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 273 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Gallbladder disorders encompass a spectrum from congenital anomalies to inflammatory and neoplastic conditions, frequently requiring surgical intervention. Epithelial abnormalities like adenoma and metaplasia have the potential to progress to carcinoma, emphasizing the importance of histopathological assessment for early detection of malignancy. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) may be incidentally discovered during cholecystectomy for presumed benign conditions, underscoring the need for a thorough examination. However, the lack of clarity regarding the molecular mechanisms of GBC has impeded diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. Timely detection is crucial due to GBC’s aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Chronic inflammation plays a central role in carcinogenesis, causing DNA damage and oncogenic alterations due to persistent insults. Inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs are among the various mediators contributing to this process. Gallbladder calcifications, particularly stippled ones, may signal malignancy and warrant preemptive removal. Molecular pathways involving mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes drive GBC pathogenesis, with proposed sequences such as gallstone-induced inflammation leading to carcinoma formation. Understanding these mechanisms, alongside evaluating mucin characteristics and gene mutations, can deepen comprehension of GBC’s pathophysiology. This, in turn, facilitates the identification of high-risk individuals and the development of improved treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. Thus, in this review, our aim has been to underscore the primary mechanisms underlying the development of gallbladder dysplasia and neoplasia.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
22181989
Volume :
14
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Metabolites
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.b9e252f947b419b8af9d5b6bc428c09
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14050273