Analysis of radiographic factors affecting the significant differences in knee alignment between hip-to-talus and hip-to-calcaneus radiographs after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy

Abstract Background Optimal alignment after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is crucial for obtaining good clinical results. A hip-to-calcaneus radiograph (HCR) appears to reflect the true mechanical axis. However, no study has been reported using the HCR in patients who underwent OWHTO. We aimed to analyze the radiographic factors affecting the significant difference in the weight-bearing line (WBL) ratio between two radiographs after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). Methods This retrospective study included 51 patients who underwent both hip-to-talus radiographs (HTR) and HCR after OWHTO. The patients were divided into two groups; a consistent group (WBL ratio difference between postoperative HTR and HCR 5%; N = 16). Radiographic variables for lower extremity alignment, knee and ankle joints, and clinical scores were evaluated. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the threshold of radiographic variables that induced inconsistencies between the two radiographs. Results The mean postoperative WBL ratio in the HCR of the inconsistent group was significantly higher than that of the consistent group (57.7 ± 13.2% and 49.1 ± 11.6%, respectively) (P = 0.02). The preoperative and postoperative ankle joint line obliquity (AJLO) and preoperative lateral distal tibia ground surface angle (LDTGA) were significantly different between the two groups (P