Profiling of SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody‐associated antigenic peptides signature using proteome microarray

Abstract The profile of antibodies against antigenic epitopes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) during neutralizing antibody (NAb) decay has not been clarified. Using a SARS‐CoV‐2 proteome microarray that contained viral antigenic peptides, we analyzed the characteristics of the humoral response in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) in a longitudinal study. A total of 89 patients were recruited, and 226 plasma samples were serially collected in 2020. In the antigenic peptide microarray, the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against peptides within the S2 subunit (S‐82) and a conserved gene region in variants of interest, open reading frame protein 10 (ORF10‐3), were closely associated with the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 NAbs. In an independent evaluation cohort of 232 plasma samples collected from 116 COVID‐19 cases in 2020, S82‐IgG titers were higher in NAbs‐positive samples (p = 0.002) than in NAbs‐negative samples using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We further collected 66 plasma samples from another cohort infected by Omicron BA.1 virus in 2022. Compared with the samples with lower S82‐IgG titers, NAb titers were significantly higher in the samples with higher S82‐IgG titers (p = 0.04). Our findings provide insights into the understanding of the decay‐associated signatures of SARS‐CoV‐2 NAbs.