CXCL8, MMP1, MMP2, and FN1 Gene Expression and Tumor Extension in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: There are correlations between tumor staging, lymph node involvement, and patient survival in Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) which is one of the most common types of cancer in Indonesia. The inflammation process plays a role in tumor progression over the long term and this marked by increased proinflammatory cytokine and gene overexpression. This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NPC using T and N staging. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of NPC patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, between 2018 and 2022. DEGs were identified based on the amount of mRNA detected on paraffin blocks with a 1.5- to -1.5-fold change and an adjusted p-value of