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The Role of Metabolic Reprogramming in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Mechanisms and Opportunities for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Authors :
Nan Hu
Haiyang Li
Changcheng Tao
Ting Xiao
Weiqi Rong
Source :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 11, p 5584 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

As one of the emerging hallmarks of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, metabolic remodeling is common in the tumor microenvironment. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of global tumor-related mortality, causing a series of metabolic alterations in response to nutrient availability and consumption to fulfill the demands of biosynthesis and carcinogenesis. Despite the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating HCC, the response rate remains unsatisfactory. Recently, research has focused on metabolic reprogramming and its effects on the immune state of the tumor microenvironment, and immune response rate. In this review, we delineate the metabolic reprogramming observed in HCC and its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. We discuss strategies aimed at enhancing response rates and overcoming immune resistance through metabolic interventions, focusing on targeting glucose, lipid, or amino acid metabolism, as well as systemic regulation.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14220067 and 16616596
Volume :
25
Issue :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.bbc97410e362474fa0b8a724db44e37f
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115584