Association between serum alkaline phosphatase and clinical prognosis in patients with acute liver failure following cardiac arrest: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Acute liver failure (ALF) following cardiac arrest (CA) poses a significant healthcare challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aims to assess the correlation between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and poor outcomes in patients with ALF following CA. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing data from the Dryad digital repository. The primary outcomes examined were intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, hospital mortality, and unfavorable neurological outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between serum ALP levels and clinical prognosis. The predictive value was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Two prediction models were developed, and model comparison was performed using the likelihood ratio test (LRT) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Results A total of 194 patients were included in the analysis (72.2% male). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a one-standard deviation increase of ln-transformed ALP were independently associated with poorer prognosis: ICU mortality (odds ratios (OR) = 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–4.74, P = 0.005), hospital mortality (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.18–4.16, P = 0.014), and unfavorable neurological outcome (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.25–4.60, P = 0.009). The area under the ROC curve for clinical prognosis was 0.644, 0.642, and 0.639, respectively. Additionally, LRT analyses indicated that the ALP-combined model exhibited better predictive efficacy than the model without ALP. Conclusions Elevated serum ALP levels upon admission were significantly associated with poorer prognosis of ALF following CA, suggesting its potential as a valuable marker for predicting prognosis in this patient population.