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Ocular surface disease: a known yet overlooked side effect of topical glaucoma therapy

Authors :
Raul E. Ruiz-Lozano
Nadim S. Azar
Hazem M. Mousa
Manuel E. Quiroga-Garza
Seitaro Komai
Lorena Wheelock-Gutierrez
Cristian Cartes
Victor L. Perez
Source :
Frontiers in Toxicology, Vol 5 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023.

Abstract

Ocular surface disease (OSD), a disorder affecting the lacrimal and meibomian glands and the corneal and conjunctival epithelium, is a well-known complication of topical glaucoma therapy. OSD can present as a new or pre-existing condition that virtually any anti-glaucoma formulation can exacerbate. As such, both glaucoma and OSD frequently coexist. Typical OSD symptoms include ocular discomfort, redness, burning, and dryness, whereas signs include periorbital and eyelid skin pigmentation, conjunctival scarring, and superficial punctate keratitis. Pressure-lowering eyedrops can cause toxic, allergic, and inflammatory reactions on the ocular surface. The latter can result from either preservatives or direct toxicity from the active molecule. Although usually mild, OSD can cause significant symptoms that lead to poor quality of life, decreased compliance to therapy, glaucoma progression, and worse visual outcomes. Given the chronic nature of glaucoma, lack of curative therapy, and subsequent lifelong treatment, addressing OSD is necessary. This manuscript aims to provide an up-to-date overview of OSD’s signs, symptoms, and pathogenic mechanisms from glaucoma therapy toxicity.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
26733080
Volume :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Toxicology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.bd32a3c9e06d4f61b84ed6981b8db95c
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2023.1067942