Protein Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the Community

Background The discovery of novel and highly predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has the potential to improve risk‐stratification methods and may be informative regarding biological pathways contributing to disease. Methods and Results We used a discovery proteomic platform that targeted high‐value proteins for CVD to ascertain 85 circulating protein biomarkers in 3523 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age, 62 years; 53% women). Using multivariable‐adjusted Cox models to account for clinical variables, we found 8 biomarkers associated with incident atherosclerotic CVD, 18 with incident heart failure, 38 with all‐cause mortality, and 35 with CVD death (false discovery rate, q