A multi‐objective optimization for planning of networked microgrid using a game theory for peer‐to‐peer energy trading scheme

Abstract In this paper, a multi‐objective optimization technique is proposed for the planning of a networked microgrid based on peer‐to‐grid (P2G) and peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy trading schemes. Two different criteria's including annual profit and energy index of reliability are taken into consideration to form a multi‐objective function. The networked microgrid consists of three individual microgrids containing their own combinations of generation resources, batteries and residential loads. All microgrids are connected together and also to the main grid to meet the energy exchange requirements of P2P energy trading. A cooperative game theory technique based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to model the networked microgrid, and to find the suitable sizes of the players that simultaneously maximize the payoff values of both objective functions. Besides, a comparative analysis is carried out for both P2G and P2P energy trading schemes. The results show that the outcomes are maximum when both criteria are considered in the optimization and P2P energy trading is carried out. The sensitivity analysis is performed on the selected parameters and verified the right change 0.003% and 4.5% in discount rate and electricity prices, respectively.