Genetic homogenisation of two major orchid viruses through global trade‐based dispersal of their hosts

Societal Impact Statement Orchid viruses are capable of causing flower deformities and death, which can severely impact the horticultural industry and wild orchid conservation. Here we show how two of these quickly evolving viruses display few genetic differences since their first emergence, across countries and host plants. This is concerning as, despite biosecurity regulations to control the movement of orchids and their related pathogens, these patterns are suggestive of rapid and regular international movement of horticultural material. Poor biosecurity practices could threaten the orchid horticultural industry and result in the accidental translocation or reintroduction of infected plant material intended to recover wild populations.