Management of Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Comparative Analysis of Intramuscular Injections versus Oral Medications

Introduction: Regular monitoring of Vitamin B12 (VB12) levels and intake of supplements is crucial since their deficiency may cause serious health conditions including neurological and cardiovascular complications. Medical professionals recommend supplements in the form of oral tablets and parenteral replacement for patients who cannot obtain these nutrients through diet or who are deficient due to other health conditions. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of oral medications and parenteral administrations, especially intramuscular (IM) injections for managing VB12 deficiency. Methods: The patients diagnosed with confirmed VB12 deficiency (