Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Nonparalytic Limb of Residual Poliomyelitis Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Study

Objective Poliomyelitis is a rare neuromuscular disease that can cause hip osteoarthritis on the contralateral side due to an abnormal mechanical weight‐bearing state, making some residual poliomyelitis patients candidates for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome of THA in the nonparalytic limbs of these patients compared with those of non‐poliomyelitis patients. Methods Patients treated between January 2007 and May 2021 were retrospectively identified in a single center arthroplasty database. Eight residual poliomyelitis cases that met the inclusion criteria were matched to non‐poliomyelitis cases in a ratio of 1:2 based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), age‐adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI), surgeon, and operation date. The hip function, health‐related quality of life, radiographic outcomes, and complications were analyzed with unpaired Student's t test, Mann–Whitney test, Fisher's exact test or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Survivorship analysis was determined using the Kaplan–Meier estimator analysis and Gehan‐Breslow‐Wilcoxon test. Results After a mean follow‐up of about 5 years, patients with residual poliomyelitis had worse postoperative mobility outcomes(P 0.05). There was no difference in radiographic outcomes or complications between the two groups, and patients had similar postoperative satisfaction (P > 0.05). No readmission or reoperation occurred in the poliomyelitis group (P > 0.05), but the postoperative limb length discrepancy (LLD) in the residual poliomyelitis group was greater than that in the control group (P