Cross-sectional imaging findings of cardiac outpouchings

A cardiac outpouching (CO) is a protrusion in a heart chamber’s internal anatomical lining. Most COs are clinically insignificant, but some are of vital importance, requiring immediate surgery. Cross-sectional imaging findings of COs, such as location, morphology, size, and accompanying wall motion abnormalities, play an essential role in determining the correct diagnosis and appropriate clinical management. Therefore, radiologists should be familiar with them. This article reviews the key cross-sectional imaging findings and differential diagnoses of COs.