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Micro-Topography Mapping through Terrestrial LiDAR in Densely Vegetated Coastal Environments
- Source :
- ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 10, p 665 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Terrestrial Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), also referred to as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), has gained increasing popularity in terms of providing highly detailed micro-topography with millimetric measurement precision and accuracy. However, accurately depicting terrain under dense vegetation remains a challenge due to the blocking of signal and the lack of nearby ground. Without dependence on historical data, this research proposes a novel and rapid solution to map densely vegetated coastal environments by integrating terrestrial LiDAR with GPS surveys. To verify and improve the application of terrestrial LiDAR in coastal dense-vegetation areas, we set up eleven scans of terrestrial LiDAR in October 2015 along a sand berm with vegetation planted in Plaquemines Parish of Louisiana. At the same time, 2634 GPS points were collected for the accuracy assessment of terrain mapping and terrain correction. Object-oriented classification was applied to classify the whole berm into tall vegetation, low vegetation and bare ground, with an overall accuracy of 92.7% and a kappa value of 0.89. Based on the classification results, terrain correction was conducted for the tall-vegetation and low-vegetation areas, respectively. An adaptive correction factor was applied to the tall-vegetation area, and the 95th percentile error was calculated as the correction factor from the surface model instead of the terrain model for the low-vegetation area. The terrain correction method successfully reduced the mean error from 0.407 m to −0.068 m (RMSE errors from 0.425 m to 0.146 m) in low vegetation and from 0.993 m to −0.098 m (RMSE from 1.070 m to 0.144 m) in tall vegetation.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22209964
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.f725ab04d2374ce8b308fc25e1672777
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100665