Development of biomaterial-based oxygen transportation vehicles for circulation within blood

Background: Several blood replacements have been developed because of issues with blood collection and storage, increased expenditures, and a global lack of reserves. Studies on artificial blood primarily concentrate on the research and synthesis of molecules that transport oxygen. The primary objective of the current work was to create a supporting, oxygen-carrying biological material that can replace blood and be used to save lives when blood is not available. Methods: The work started with the synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS), and two distinct procedures were applied to ensure binding to hemoglobin (Hb) molecules. The surface modifications of the particles were carried out gradually by 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane (3APGASPIONS) and tartaric acid (TASPIONS). Analysis methods used to characterize the particles include Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and high contrast transmission electron microscopy (C-TEM). The characterization studies of SPIONS which bind Hb molecules to the surface were repeated and their effects on endothelial cell culture were examined to determine their toxic effects in vitro. Cell proliferation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity changes were assessed in the evaluation of the possible toxic effects of the cells against the treated particles in the prepared cell lines. Blood substitute solutions synthesized by two different methods were stored on the shelf for about 1 month and the results were compared with fresh Hb solutions. Results and Conclusion: The CV and UV analysis results obtained from artificial Hb substitutes revealed that the structural integrity of Hb molecules did not change, the oxygen transport capabilities of biomolecules were preserved, and this state remained stable for a long time. Furthermore, it was determined that nanocomplexes synthesized by the two methods caused different cellular proliferation and there was a more limited increase in cellular enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) of Hb-bound particle solutions when compared to pure SPIONS.