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Obesity and Impaired Metabolic Health Increase Risk of COVID-19-Related Mortality in Young and Middle-Aged Adults to the Level Observed in Older People: The LEOSS Registry

Authors :
Norbert Stefan
Katrin Sippel
Martin Heni
Andreas Fritsche
Robert Wagner
Carolin E. M. Jakob
Hubert Preißl
Alexander von Werder
Yascha Khodamoradi
Stefan Borgmann
Maria Madeleine Rüthrich
Frank Hanses
Martina Haselberger
Christiane Piepel
Martin Hower
Jürgen vom Dahl
Kai Wille
Christoph Römmele
Janne Vehreschild
Melanie Stecher
Michele Solimena
Michael Roden
Annette Schürmann
Baptist Gallwitz
Martin Hrabe de Angelis
David S. Ludwig
Matthias B. Schulze
Bjoern Erik Ole Jensen
Andreas L. Birkenfeld
Source :
Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 9 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022.

Abstract

Advanced age, followed by male sex, by far poses the greatest risk for severe COVID-19. An unresolved question is the extent to which modifiable comorbidities increase the risk of COVID-19-related mortality among younger patients, in whom COVID-19-related hospitalization strongly increased in 2021. A total of 3,163 patients with SARS-COV-2 diagnosis in the Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients (LEOSS) cohort were studied. LEOSS is a European non-interventional multi-center cohort study established in March 2020 to investigate the epidemiology and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data from hospitalized patients and those who received ambulatory care, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, were included in the study. An additive effect of obesity, diabetes and hypertension on the risk of mortality was observed, which was particularly strong in young and middle-aged patients. Compared to young and middle-aged (18–55 years) patients without obesity, diabetes and hypertension (non-obese and metabolically healthy; n = 593), young and middle-aged adult patients with all three risk parameters (obese and metabolically unhealthy; n = 31) had a similar adjusted increased risk of mortality [OR 7.42 (95% CI 1.55–27.3)] as older (56–75 years) non-obese and metabolically healthy patients [n = 339; OR 8.21 (95% CI 4.10–18.3)]. Furthermore, increased CRP levels explained part of the elevated risk of COVID-19-related mortality with age, specifically in the absence of obesity and impaired metabolic health. In conclusion, the modifiable risk factors obesity, diabetes and hypertension increase the risk of COVID-19-related mortality in young and middle-aged patients to the level of risk observed in advanced age.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2296858X
Volume :
9
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Medicine
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.f99d511553474728bf4cf86f386a4ed5
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.875430