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Minimum intensity projection of embossed quadrant-detection images for improved photoreceptor mosaic visualisation

Authors :
Angelos Kalitzeos
Michel Michaelides
Alfredo Dubra
Source :
Frontiers in Ophthalmology, Vol 4 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2024.

Abstract

Non-confocal split-detection imaging reveals the cone photoreceptor inner segment mosaic in a plethora of retinal conditions, with the potential of providing insight to ageing, disease, and response to treatment processes, in vivo, and allows the screening of candidates for cell rescue therapies. This imaging modality complements confocal reflectance adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy, which relies on the waveguiding properties of cones, as well as their orientation toward the pupil. Split-detection contrast, however, is directional, with each cone inner segment appearing as opposite dark and bright semicircles, presenting a challenge for either manual or automated cell identification. Quadrant-detection imaging, an evolution of split detection, could be used to generate images without directional dependence. Here, we demonstrate how the embossed-filtered quadrant-detection images, originally proposed by Migacz et al. for visualising hyalocytes, can also be used to generate photoreceptor mosaic images with better and non-directional contrast for improved visualisation. As a surrogate of visualisation improvement between legacy split-detection images and the images resulting from the method described herein, we provide preliminary results of simple image processing routines that may enable the automated identification of generic image features, as opposed to complex algorithms developed specifically for photoreceptor identification, in pathological retinas.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
26740826
Volume :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Ophthalmology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.fb2025e8f2c24f65bc1c06621d74134d
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1349297